Here is a comparison table for CNC 3-axis, 4-axis, and 5-axis machining processes, including machining time, mode, and efficiency:
| Feature | 3-Axis CNC | 4-Axis CNC | 5-Axis CNC |
| Machining Process | - Cuts along X, Y, Z axes. | - Adds a rotary axis (A or B). | - Adds two rotary axes (A & B or A & C). |
| - Simple geometries. | - Can machine cylindrical parts. | - Complex contours & undercuts. | |
| Setup Time | - Minimal setup. | - Moderate setup (indexing). | - Longer setup (dynamic rotation). |
| Machining Time | - Longer for complex parts. | - Reduced vs. 3-axis for some jobs. | - Faster for intricate shapes. |
| Machining Mode | - Multiple setups needed. | - Indexed or continuous rotation. | - Simultaneous 5-axis cutting. |
| Efficiency | - Low for complex parts. | - Moderate efficiency. | - High (fewer setups, faster cuts). |
| Tool Access | - Limited angles. | - Better than 3-axis. | - Full access to part geometry. |
| Cost | - Lowest (machine & tooling). | - Moderate efficiency. | - Highest (machine & programming). |
Key Takeaways:
3-axis : Best for simple parts, low cost, but slower for complex shapes.
4-axis : Faster than 3-axis for cylindrical/rotational parts (e.g., camshafts).
5-axis : Highest efficiency for aerospace/medical parts, reducing setups and improving finish.
